Cuba vs San Pasqual Valley Unified
NM · 721 students • CA · 577 students • fiscal year 2024 • swap sides
In one line
- Cuba and San Pasqual Valley Unified spend within 2% of each other per student once local price levels are accounted for.
- San Pasqual Valley Unified directs 7 more cents of every operating dollar to instruction than Cuba.
- Cuba reports fewer students per teacher (10.2 vs 14.8). This is a staffing ratio, not an average class size.
Are these even comparable?
Establish the shape of each district before reading a single dollar figure.
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| Students enrolled | 721 | 577 |
| Schools | 3 | 5 |
| Grades served | PK–12 | K–12 |
| Setting | Rural | Rural |
| County | Sandoval County | Imperial County |
| State | NM | CA |
| Local price level (US = 100) Above 100 means a dollar buys less here than the national average. | 95.5 | 95.2 |
The headline dollar
Current operating spending per student, shown three ways. The first is what each district reports. The second and third are the honest ones for comparison.
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| Per student, as reported | $32,399 | $32,360 |
| Per student, price-adjusted Divided by the local price level, so both figures are in the same money. | $33,909 | $34,001 |
| Per student, price-adjusted, excluding transport Transportation provision varies enormously between districts and states. Removing it compares the parts both districts actually do. | $30,369 | $32,736 |
| Capital spending per student Buildings and land, never folded into the operating figures above. It is lumpy: a district mid-build looks expensive for two years. | Locked | Locked |
Cuba
San Pasqual Valley Unified
Where the money comes from
The funding mix determines how exposed a district is to local property values, to state politics, and to federal programmes ending.
Cuba
- Local 12.9% Locked
- State 55.9% Locked
- Federal 31.1% Locked
San Pasqual Valley Unified
- Local 12.2% Locked
- State 48.7% Locked
- Federal 39.1% Locked
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| Local share of revenue Mostly property tax. A high share means school budgets track local property values, up and down. | 12.9% | 12.2% |
| State share of revenue | 55.9% | 48.7% |
| Federal share of revenue | 31.1% | 39.1% |
| Total revenue | Locked | Locked |
How NM funds its districts
We have not yet written up NM's funding formula, so nothing is claimed here.
How CA funds its districts
LCFF — Local Control Funding Formula: a base grant per pupil plus supplemental and concentration grants driven by low-income, English-learner and foster-youth counts.
Where the money goes
The same slices in the same order for both districts, plus the differences by function — because two pie charts side by side hide exactly the thing you want to see.
Cuba
- Instruction 46.5% Locked
- Instructional staff support 0.7% Locked
- Student support 10.8% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 10.9% Locked
- Transportation 10.4% Locked
- Food service 4.3% Locked
- School administration 6.7% Locked
- District administration 2.7% Locked
- Other support 7.0% Locked
- Other current 4.3% Locked
San Pasqual Valley Unified
- Instruction 51.1% Locked
- Instructional staff support 2.6% Locked
- Student support 8.5% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 12.5% Locked
- Transportation 3.7% Locked
- Food service 4.3% Locked
- School administration 7.5% Locked
- District administration 2.4% Locked
- Other support 6.9% Locked
- Other current 4.3% Locked
What is actually different
Share of each district's operating dollar, Cuba minus San Pasqual Valley Unified. Two pie charts side by side are almost impossible to read against each other; this is the same data as one chart.
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| Cents of each operating dollar reaching classrooms Instruction plus instructional staff support, as a share of current spending. | 47.2% | 53.7% |
| Administration share District office plus school administration. | 9.4% | 9.9% |
| Transportation share | 10.4% | 3.7% |
What the money buys
Staffing levels are the most direct thing a budget converts into.
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| Students per teacher This is a staffing ratio: total enrollment divided by teaching staff. It is NOT average class size. Actual classes are larger than this number in every district. | 10.2 | 14.8 |
| Students per counselor | Locked | Locked |
| Students per administrator | Locked | Locked |
| Total salaries All staff, not teachers alone. | Locked | Locked |
Who they serve
The answer to "but they serve different kids" — which is usually a fair objection.
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| Child poverty rate Children aged 5 to 17 in poverty within the district boundary. Used instead of free-lunch eligibility, which community eligibility has made unusable for comparison. | 23.5% | 25.5% |
| English learners | — | — |
| Students with disabilities | — | — |
| Enrollment change, 5 years | +28.1% | -11.8% |
Results, and results for the money
Stability and risk
The homebuyer’s real question: what is likely to change after I move in?
Cuba
- High debt burden More than 10% of total spending goes to interest and debt retirement, money that cannot reach a classroom.
- Federal cliff exposure More than 20% of revenue is federal, a share that is unusually exposed when temporary federal programmes end.
- Low share reaching classrooms Under 55% of current spending reaches instruction and instructional support, low against national practice.
San Pasqual Valley Unified
- Declining enrollment Enrollment fell more than 5% over five years. Enrollment decline is the single best predictor of school closures and programme cuts.
- Federal cliff exposure More than 20% of revenue is federal, a share that is unusually exposed when temporary federal programmes end.
- Low share reaching classrooms Under 55% of current spending reaches instruction and instructional support, low against national practice.
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| Enrollment change, 5 years | +28.1% | -11.8% |
| Long-term debt per student | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service share of spending | Locked | Locked |
Enrolling a child
Is a seat at your zoned school guaranteed?
Cuba
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
San Pasqual Valley Unified
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
- This is the district’s own published wording, not our summary of it. Policies are rewritten between enrollment seasons and a page can be out of date the day after we read it — the school office is the only authority on whether a particular grade at a particular school is full right now.
- A warning here is about capacity, not about your address. It does not mean your child will be moved; it means the district has told you in writing that it may move them.
Comparability notes
- Cross-state comparison. Dollars below are shown both as reported and adjusted to a common price level, because a dollar buys different amounts of teacher in NM and CA.
What these numbers are, exactly
Who decides, and what it costs you
Every band above this one asks what a district spends. This one asks who chose to.
Cuba
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
San Pasqual Valley Unified
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
| Cuba | San Pasqual Valley Unified | |
|---|---|---|
| School property tax levied, per student Only for districts that levy in their own name. Blank where the county or town levies instead — see the cards above, and read the next row. | $3,920 | $3,355 |
| Appropriated by the county or town, per student What the parent government handed the schools, for dependent systems. This is a general appropriation, not solely property tax. | — | — |
| Property tax as a share of all revenue How much of the budget rides on local property values, and therefore on local votes. | 9.1% | 8.9% |
| Long-term debt already owed, per student The balance at the end of the year, for scale. Repaid over decades, so it is a commitment made by earlier boards rather than a bill arriving now. | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service as a share of spending Interest plus principal repaid this year, against total spending. This is the part of the debt that is being paid now, out of money that would otherwise reach a classroom. | Locked | Locked |
| New long-term debt issued, per student Money borrowed during fiscal year 2024. What this figure does and does not tell you is set out under the table. | $6,415 | $820 |
- A figure in the borrowing row is not a bond voters approved. It records debt issued, and that includes refinancing existing debt at a new rate — which changes nothing about what a district owes — as well as certificates of participation and lease-revenue debt, which in many states a board can issue with no referendum at all. To find out what was actually on a ballot, check the county election office.
- Debt is repaid over decades. A large balance per student is a commitment made by earlier boards and earlier voters, not a bill arriving this year. The debt service row above it is the part being paid now.
Who sits on the board
Cuba board of education
- Taylor Pinto — President
- James D. Casaus — Vice President
- Vivian Keetso — Secretary
- Elizabeth Martin — Member
- Dr. Adán Delgado — Member
- When the board meets: “Adán Delgado, Member District 4 Board Meetings are held on the 3rd Wednesday of the month at 6:00 pm.”
Read from the district’s own board page on 2026-08-24. Boards change; the district’s page is the current record, not ours.
These seats are elected, and what this board decides — the budget, the attendance boundaries, the calendar — is decided at a meeting the public may attend. The district’s own board page, linked above, is where it publishes the schedule and the agenda. We do not hold meeting dates or contact details for these people.
San Pasqual Valley Unified board of education
- Cody Hartt — President term ends 2026
- Keahna Owl — Vice President term ends 2028
- Karla Delgadillo — Clerk term ends 2026
- Angelo Derma — Trustee term ends 2026
- Sofia Dominguez — Trustee term ends 2026
- When the board meets: “-Meetings are held 2nd Tuesday of the Month at 5:30 pm, High School Library”
Read from the district’s own board page on 2026-08-31. Boards change; the district’s page is the current record, not ours.
These seats are elected, and what this board decides — the budget, the attendance boundaries, the calendar — is decided at a meeting the public may attend. The district’s own board page, linked above, is where it publishes the schedule and the agenda. We do not hold meeting dates or contact details for these people.
Funding measures on the ballot
Cuba
| Election | Measure | Amount | Yes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-11-04 | BondCUBA INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT GENERAL OBLIGATION BOND QUESTION: Shall the Board of Education of the Cuba Independent School District No. 20, County…CUBA INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT GENERAL OBLIGATION BOND QUESTION: Shall the Board of Education of the Cuba Independent School District No. 20, County of Sandoval, State of New Mexico, be authorized to issue general obligation bonds of the District, in one series or more, in the aggregate principal amount not exceeding $6,700,000, for the purpose of: erecting, remodeling, making additions to and furnishing school buildings, including teacher housing; purchasing or improving school grounds; purchasing computer software and hardware for student use in public scho |
$6.7M | 82.8% | No outcome published |
Locked 2 earlier measures in this district’s history are not shown.
3 measures have no outcome in the state’s file.
From the state’s own election file. Latest election on record: 2025-11-04.
What this state publishes: School district questions from every Regular Local Election since the first one in 2019 — bonds, capital improvements and buildings taxes, and mill levies. Nothing before 2019: districts ran their own February elections until the Local Election Act moved them to a common November ballot, and the Secretary of State did not publish those. The Secretary of State publishes no pass or fail for a ballot question, so every row here carries the vote counts and no result.
San Pasqual Valley Unified
$8M approved by voters in a single measure.
| Election | Measure | Amount | Yes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-11-08 | Bond · Prop. Measure TTo construct a new gymnasium/multi -purpose room, enhance student safety and security, modernize classrooms and support facilities, upgrade athletic f…To construct a new gymnasium/multi -purpose room, enhance student safety and security, modernize classrooms and support facilities, upgrade athletic fields, and provide the local match for State grants, shall the San Pasqual Valley Unified School District be authorized to issue up to $8,000,000 in bonds at legal interest rates with no money for administrator salaries? |
$8M | 72.3% | Passed |
From the state’s own election file. Latest election on record: 2025-06-03.
What this state publishes: School district bonds and parcel taxes as the California Elections Data Archive compiles them for the Secretary of State. Bonds carry the principal; parcel taxes are quoted per parcel and carry no comparable dollar figure. Recalls and advisory questions are not included.
CA published no results for 2010, so a measure put to voters in that year would not appear here. That is a gap in the state’s own publishing.
- A vote share is not an outcome. What it takes to carry varies by state and by measure — in some states a bond needs a supermajority and a minimum turnout while a levy on the same ballot needs half, so a clear majority can still lose. Every outcome shown here is copied from the state’s own election file, and the rule that applied is stated with the coverage above. Where that file stated no outcome we show whatever count it published and no verdict, rather than working one out from the percentage — and some states publish the ballot question without ever recording a count, so a blank there is a number nobody printed.
- These are the measures a district put to its voters, not its whole tax bill. A property tax bill also carries county, city and state levies that have nothing to do with schools, and in most states a school board can issue some kinds of debt with no vote at all.
The detailed figures for Cuba and San Pasqual Valley Unified
The verdict, the headline dollar, the funding shares, who is served and every comparability caveat are free above, and stay free. What is behind the lock is the detail you would want before acting on any of it:
- capital spending per student
- total revenue and total current spending, and the funding mix in dollars (the percentage shares stay free)
- the ten-line per-student breakdown of where the money goes
- counselor and administrator ratios, and the total salary bill
- the debt behind the risk flags — per student, and as a share of spending
- the full ballot history: 2 more bonds and levies, with the amounts
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