Caddo vs Larimore 44
OK · 503 students • ND · 417 students • fiscal year 2024 • swap sides
In one line
- Larimore 44 spends 9% more per student than Caddo after adjusting for local price levels.
- Caddo directs 7 more cents of every operating dollar to instruction than Larimore 44.
- Larimore 44 is far more dependent on local property taxes (40% of revenue vs 26%), which ties its budget more tightly to local property values.
- Larimore 44 reports fewer students per teacher (10.7 vs 13.6). This is a staffing ratio, not an average class size.
Are these even comparable?
Establish the shape of each district before reading a single dollar figure.
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Students enrolled | 503 | 417 |
| Schools | 2 | 2 |
| Grades served | PK–12 | PK–12 |
| Setting | Rural | Rural |
| County | Bryan County | Grand Forks County |
| State | OK | ND |
| Local price level (US = 100) Above 100 means a dollar buys less here than the national average. | 87.8 | 86.7 |
The headline dollar
Current operating spending per student, shown three ways. The first is what each district reports. The second and third are the honest ones for comparison.
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Per student, as reported | $13,179 | $14,150 |
| Per student, price-adjusted Divided by the local price level, so both figures are in the same money. | $15,003 | $16,327 |
| Per student, price-adjusted, excluding transport Transportation provision varies enormously between districts and states. Removing it compares the parts both districts actually do. | $14,482 | $15,357 |
| Capital spending per student Buildings and land, never folded into the operating figures above. It is lumpy: a district mid-build looks expensive for two years. | Locked | Locked |
Caddo
Larimore 44
Where the money comes from
The funding mix determines how exposed a district is to local property values, to state politics, and to federal programmes ending.
Caddo
- Local 26.3% Locked
- State 58.5% Locked
- Federal 15.2% Locked
Larimore 44
- Local 39.7% Locked
- State 51.8% Locked
- Federal 8.4% Locked
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Local share of revenue Mostly property tax. A high share means school budgets track local property values, up and down. | 26.3% | 39.7% |
| State share of revenue | 58.5% | 51.8% |
| Federal share of revenue | 15.2% | 8.4% |
| Total revenue | Locked | Locked |
How OK funds its districts
We have not yet written up OK's funding formula, so nothing is claimed here.
How ND funds its districts
We have not yet written up ND's funding formula, so nothing is claimed here.
Where the money goes
The same slices in the same order for both districts, plus the differences by function — because two pie charts side by side hide exactly the thing you want to see.
Caddo
- Instruction 58.3% Locked
- Instructional staff support 2.3% Locked
- Student support 5.6% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 11.9% Locked
- Transportation 3.5% Locked
- Food service 6.2% Locked
- School administration 5.0% Locked
- District administration 3.3% Locked
- Other support 2.5% Locked
- Other current 7.5% Locked
Larimore 44
- Instruction 49.0% Locked
- Instructional staff support 5.0% Locked
- Student support 2.5% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 10.4% Locked
- Transportation 5.9% Locked
- Food service 6.2% Locked
- School administration 2.5% Locked
- District administration 4.8% Locked
- Other support 3.9% Locked
- Other current 16.0% Locked
What is actually different
Share of each district's operating dollar, Caddo minus Larimore 44. Two pie charts side by side are almost impossible to read against each other; this is the same data as one chart.
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Cents of each operating dollar reaching classrooms Instruction plus instructional staff support, as a share of current spending. | 60.5% | 53.9% |
| Administration share District office plus school administration. | 8.3% | 7.2% |
| Transportation share | 3.5% | 5.9% |
What the money buys
Staffing levels are the most direct thing a budget converts into.
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Students per teacher This is a staffing ratio: total enrollment divided by teaching staff. It is NOT average class size. Actual classes are larger than this number in every district. | 13.6 | 10.7 |
| Students per counselor | Locked | Locked |
| Students per administrator | Locked | Locked |
| Total salaries All staff, not teachers alone. | Locked | Locked |
Who they serve
The answer to "but they serve different kids" — which is usually a fair objection.
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Child poverty rate Children aged 5 to 17 in poverty within the district boundary. Used instead of free-lunch eligibility, which community eligibility has made unusable for comparison. | 9.6% | 8.1% |
| English learners | — | — |
| Students with disabilities | — | — |
| Enrollment change, 5 years | -0.2% | +4.0% |
Results, and results for the money
Stability and risk
The homebuyer’s real question: what is likely to change after I move in?
Caddo
No stability flags raised.
Larimore 44
- Low share reaching classrooms Under 55% of current spending reaches instruction and instructional support, low against national practice.
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Enrollment change, 5 years | -0.2% | +4.0% |
| Long-term debt per student | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service share of spending | Locked | Locked |
Enrolling a child
The same checklist for both districts. Every "required" below links to the sentence it came from.
Caddo
Caddo Public Schools - Enrollment Information
Almost nothing could be read off this page — usually a portal that builds its content in the browser. Treat the column below as "we could not tell", and open the district's page yourself.
Read August 23, 2026.
Larimore 44
NEW FAMILY REGISTRATION | Larimore Public School District
Almost nothing could be read off this page — usually a portal that builds its content in the browser. Treat the column below as "we could not tell", and open the district's page yourself.
Read September 1, 2026.
Is a seat at your zoned school guaranteed?
Caddo
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
Larimore 44
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
- This is the district’s own published wording, not our summary of it. Policies are rewritten between enrollment seasons and a page can be out of date the day after we read it — the school office is the only authority on whether a particular grade at a particular school is full right now.
- A warning here is about capacity, not about your address. It does not mean your child will be moved; it means the district has told you in writing that it may move them.
- Required the page says so, and the sentence is quoted.
- Mentioned only it comes up, but not as a requirement — often a sentence saying the district cannot demand it.
- Not mentioned we read the page and it was not on it. That is not the same as "not required".
- Page not read we have no enrollment page for this district.
Documents to bring
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| Proof of residency | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Proof of age (usually a birth certificate) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Immunisation records | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Physical examination | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Dental, vision or hearing screening | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Tuberculosis test | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Records from the previous school | Required “OSTP Parent/Student Portal School Report Card” | Not mentioned |
| IEP or 504 plan | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Custody or guardianship paperwork | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Parent or guardian photo ID | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Home language survey | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Emergency contact information | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Proof of income | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| Social security number Asked for by some districts. It is not required to enrol, and a school may not refuse a child who does not provide one. We list it because districts ask, not because you must answer. | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
How enrolling works
Locked 11 steps of the enrollment process — deadlines, appointments, proof of residency — are not shown. What to bring is above, and stays free.
- A blank row means the requirement did not appear on the district’s page. It does not mean the district will not ask for it — published lists are routinely incomplete, and the registrar has the final word.
- Requirements change every enrollment season. Check the district’s own page, linked above, before you gather anything.
- A district cannot condition enrollment on your child’s immigration status: under Plyler v. Doe (1982) every child resident in the district is entitled to a free public education. If a district asks for something that would reveal status, you are not obliged to provide it.
- If your family is in temporary or shared housing, the McKinney-Vento Act lets a child enrol immediately without the residency and records documents listed here. Ask for the district’s homeless liaison by name.
Comparability notes
- Cross-state comparison. Dollars below are shown both as reported and adjusted to a common price level, because a dollar buys different amounts of teacher in OK and ND.
- At least one district sits outside a metro area with its own published price index, so its cost adjustment uses the statewide index. That is a coarser adjustment.
What these numbers are, exactly
Who decides, and what it costs you
Every band above this one asks what a district spends. This one asks who chose to.
Caddo
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
Larimore 44
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
| Caddo | Larimore 44 | |
|---|---|---|
| School property tax levied, per student Only for districts that levy in their own name. Blank where the county or town levies instead — see the cards above, and read the next row. | $2,689 | $4,721 |
| Appropriated by the county or town, per student What the parent government handed the schools, for dependent systems. This is a general appropriation, not solely property tax. | — | — |
| Property tax as a share of all revenue How much of the budget rides on local property values, and therefore on local votes. | 18.9% | 26.4% |
| Long-term debt already owed, per student The balance at the end of the year, for scale. Repaid over decades, so it is a commitment made by earlier boards rather than a bill arriving now. | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service as a share of spending Interest plus principal repaid this year, against total spending. This is the part of the debt that is being paid now, out of money that would otherwise reach a classroom. | Locked | Locked |
| New long-term debt issued, per student Money borrowed during fiscal year 2024. What this figure does and does not tell you is set out under the table. | $0 | $0 |
- Caddo: issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- Larimore 44: issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- A figure in the borrowing row is not a bond voters approved. It records debt issued, and that includes refinancing existing debt at a new rate — which changes nothing about what a district owes — as well as certificates of participation and lease-revenue debt, which in many states a board can issue with no referendum at all. To find out what was actually on a ballot, check the county election office.
- Debt is repaid over decades. A large balance per student is a commitment made by earlier boards and earlier voters, not a bill arriving this year. The debt service row above it is the part being paid now.
Who sits on the board
Caddo board of education
- Todd Miller — Board President
- Pat Miller — Board Vice President
- Steve Kelso — Board Clerk
- Karleen Wingfield
- Wade Boyd — Board Member
1 of these is listed on the page without an office. It names them among the board without saying which office they hold, so none is shown for them. It is not a vacancy.
Read from the district’s own board page on 2026-08-24. Boards change; the district’s page is the current record, not ours.
These seats are elected, and what this board decides — the budget, the attendance boundaries, the calendar — is decided at a meeting the public may attend. The district’s own board page, linked above, is where it publishes the schedule and the agenda. We do not hold meeting dates or contact details for these people.
Funding measures on the ballot
Caddo
We have not read OK’s election results, so this column is empty because of us and not because of Caddo. Whether it has asked its voters for money is a question its county election office can answer and we cannot, yet.
Nobody has read OK’s school election results yet — that is a gap on our side, not a fact about this district. Its county elections office holds what it asked its voters for and what they answered, and that is a public record you can request. What it says is worth asking about at a board meeting.
Larimore 44
We hold every school funding measure the state of ND published for 2018, 2020 and 2022, and this district appears in none of them.
What this state publishes: School district ballot questions from the North Dakota Secretary of State's results export, for the 26 elections that office lists back to June 2000. Ten of them carry a school layer at all — every June primary from 2010 on, plus the November generals of 2010 and 2022 — and nothing in the source says whether the empty years before that are years no district asked or years the layer does not reach. Elections held on their own date are missing entirely: only primaries and generals are archived here, so a district's September bond special is not in this file. This is thin coverage and the reason is worth stating plainly. The export records whatever the county auditor typed as the contest name, and nothing else — no ballot wording, no dollar amount, no outcome. Of the 107 school questions it holds, 64 ask whether the board may publish its proceedings in the newspaper, which is not a funding measure; 6 have no contest name at all; and 30 more are a bare label such as 'School District Measure 1', which the state's own biennial publication requirement makes most likely to be that same minutes question rather than a request for money. Those are left out rather than guessed at. That leaves 5 measures, in the four districts whose auditor wrote what was being asked. A North Dakota district shown with no measures may well have asked its voters for money; this source cannot say.
The detailed figures for Caddo and Larimore 44
The verdict, the headline dollar, the funding shares, who is served and every comparability caveat are free above, and stay free. What is behind the lock is the detail you would want before acting on any of it:
- capital spending per student
- total revenue and total current spending, and the funding mix in dollars (the percentage shares stay free)
- the ten-line per-student breakdown of where the money goes
- counselor and administrator ratios, and the total salary bill
- the debt behind the risk flags — per student, and as a share of spending
- the enrollment process — deadlines, appointments and proof of residency
$1.79 for both, for three months, 21 cents less than buying them one at a time.
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