Pasco School District vs Norfolk City Public Schools
WA · 18,913 students • VA · 26,807 students • fiscal year 2024 • swap sides
In one line
- Norfolk City Public Schools spends 3% more per student than Pasco School District after adjusting for local price levels.
- Pasco School District directs 2 more cents of every operating dollar to instruction than Norfolk City Public Schools.
- Norfolk City Public Schools is far more dependent on local property taxes (31% of revenue vs 19%), which ties its budget more tightly to local property values.
- Norfolk City Public Schools reports fewer students per teacher (12.9 vs 17.4). This is a staffing ratio, not an average class size.
Are these even comparable?
Establish the shape of each district before reading a single dollar figure.
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| Students enrolled | 18,913 | 26,807 |
| Schools | 31 | 49 |
| Grades served | PK–12 | PK–12 |
| Setting | Suburb | City |
| County | Franklin County | Norfolk city |
| State | WA | VA |
| Local price level (US = 100) Above 100 means a dollar buys less here than the national average. | 100.1 | 97.9 |
The headline dollar
Current operating spending per student, shown three ways. The first is what each district reports. The second and third are the honest ones for comparison.
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| Per student, as reported | $16,663 | $16,790 |
| Per student, price-adjusted Divided by the local price level, so both figures are in the same money. | $16,650 | $17,143 |
| Per student, price-adjusted, excluding transport Transportation provision varies enormously between districts and states. Removing it compares the parts both districts actually do. | $16,059 | $16,470 |
| Capital spending per student Buildings and land, never folded into the operating figures above. It is lumpy: a district mid-build looks expensive for two years. | Locked | Locked |
Pasco School District
Norfolk City Public Schools
Where the money comes from
The funding mix determines how exposed a district is to local property values, to state politics, and to federal programmes ending.
Pasco School District
- Local 19.1% Locked
- State 72.7% Locked
- Federal 8.2% Locked
Norfolk City Public Schools
- Local 30.6% Locked
- State 46.9% Locked
- Federal 22.5% Locked
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| Local share of revenue Mostly property tax. A high share means school budgets track local property values, up and down. | 19.1% | 30.6% |
| State share of revenue | 72.7% | 46.9% |
| Federal share of revenue | 8.2% | 22.5% |
| Total revenue | Locked | Locked |
How WA funds its districts
Prototypical school funding model: the state funds staffing ratios for a model school, with levies limited on top.
How VA funds its districts
Standards of Quality (SOQ) with the Local Composite Index: the state sets a required staffing and programme basket, then splits its cost with the locality by measured local wealth.
Where the money goes
The same slices in the same order for both districts, plus the differences by function — because two pie charts side by side hide exactly the thing you want to see.
Pasco School District
- Instruction 59.4% Locked
- Instructional staff support 6.3% Locked
- Student support 9.5% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 7.2% Locked
- Transportation 3.6% Locked
- Food service 4.2% Locked
- School administration 5.7% Locked
- District administration 0.4% Locked
- Other support 3.1% Locked
- Other current 4.8% Locked
Norfolk City Public Schools
- Instruction 58.3% Locked
- Instructional staff support 5.7% Locked
- Student support 5.9% Locked
- Operations & maintenance 10.3% Locked
- Transportation 3.9% Locked
- Food service 5.2% Locked
- School administration 5.4% Locked
- District administration 3.2% Locked
- Other support 2.3% Locked
- Other current 5.2% Locked
What is actually different
Share of each district's operating dollar, Pasco School District minus Norfolk City Public Schools. Two pie charts side by side are almost impossible to read against each other; this is the same data as one chart.
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| Cents of each operating dollar reaching classrooms Instruction plus instructional staff support, as a share of current spending. | 65.7% | 64.0% |
| Administration share District office plus school administration. | 6.2% | 8.5% |
| Transportation share | 3.6% | 3.9% |
What the money buys
Staffing levels are the most direct thing a budget converts into.
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| Students per teacher This is a staffing ratio: total enrollment divided by teaching staff. It is NOT average class size. Actual classes are larger than this number in every district. | 17.4 | 12.9 |
| Students per counselor | Locked | Locked |
| Students per administrator | Locked | Locked |
| Total salaries All staff, not teachers alone. | Locked | Locked |
Who they serve
The answer to "but they serve different kids" — which is usually a fair objection.
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| Child poverty rate Children aged 5 to 17 in poverty within the district boundary. Used instead of free-lunch eligibility, which community eligibility has made unusable for comparison. | 17.5% | 22.0% |
| English learners | — | — |
| Students with disabilities | — | — |
| Enrollment change, 5 years | -1.5% | -10.2% |
Results, and results for the money
Stability and risk
The homebuyer’s real question: what is likely to change after I move in?
Pasco School District
No stability flags raised.
Norfolk City Public Schools
- Declining enrollment Enrollment fell more than 5% over five years. Enrollment decline is the single best predictor of school closures and programme cuts.
- Federal cliff exposure More than 20% of revenue is federal, a share that is unusually exposed when temporary federal programmes end.
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| Enrollment change, 5 years | -1.5% | -10.2% |
| Long-term debt per student | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service share of spending | Locked | Locked |
Enrolling a child
Is a seat at your zoned school guaranteed?
Pasco School District
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
Norfolk City Public Schools
We have no such statement from this district — which is not the same as a promise that your zoned school has room. Most districts never publish the policy in either direction. Ask the school office directly whether your address’s school is enrolling at your child’s grade level before you sign anything.
- This is the district’s own published wording, not our summary of it. Policies are rewritten between enrollment seasons and a page can be out of date the day after we read it — the school office is the only authority on whether a particular grade at a particular school is full right now.
- A warning here is about capacity, not about your address. It does not mean your child will be moved; it means the district has told you in writing that it may move them.
Comparability notes
- Cross-state comparison. Dollars below are shown both as reported and adjusted to a common price level, because a dollar buys different amounts of teacher in WA and VA.
What these numbers are, exactly
Who decides, and what it costs you
Every band above this one asks what a district spends. This one asks who chose to.
Pasco School District
The district levies its own school tax
This district raises property tax in its own name. Who sets the rate varies by state — an elected board in some, a public vote in others — but the levy is the school system’s own, and it is the part of a tax bill that school politics moves most directly.
Norfolk City Public Schools
The county or town levies it, not the district
This school system reports no property tax of its own. It is a dependent system: the county or city levies the tax and appropriates money to the schools. You still pay school property tax — the school board simply is not the body that sets it, and the appropriation is argued out at the county or city council.
| Pasco School District | Norfolk City Public Schools | |
|---|---|---|
| School property tax levied, per student Only for districts that levy in their own name. Blank where the county or town levies instead — see the cards above, and read the next row. | $2,519 | — |
| Appropriated by the county or town, per student What the parent government handed the schools, for dependent systems. This is a general appropriation, not solely property tax. | — | $5,660 |
| Property tax as a share of all revenue How much of the budget rides on local property values, and therefore on local votes. | 13.5% | — |
| Long-term debt already owed, per student The balance at the end of the year, for scale. Repaid over decades, so it is a commitment made by earlier boards rather than a bill arriving now. | Locked | Locked |
| Debt service as a share of spending Interest plus principal repaid this year, against total spending. This is the part of the debt that is being paid now, out of money that would otherwise reach a classroom. | Locked | Locked |
| New long-term debt issued, per student Money borrowed during fiscal year 2024. What this figure does and does not tell you is set out under the table. | $0 | $0 |
- Pasco School District: issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- Norfolk City Public Schools: issued no new long-term debt in fiscal year 2024. That is a reported zero, not a gap in the data.
- A figure in the borrowing row is not a bond voters approved. It records debt issued, and that includes refinancing existing debt at a new rate — which changes nothing about what a district owes — as well as certificates of participation and lease-revenue debt, which in many states a board can issue with no referendum at all. To find out what was actually on a ballot, check the county election office.
- Debt is repaid over decades. A large balance per student is a commitment made by earlier boards and earlier voters, not a bill arriving this year. The debt service row above it is the part being paid now.
Funding measures on the ballot
Pasco School District
$302M approved by voters across 3 measures. 2 of these outcomes were published by the state but never certified.
| Election | Measure | Amount | Yes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-28 | Operating levy collected 2027–2030 · $2.08 per $1,000 of assessed value | $153.8M | 59.0% | Passed |
Locked 4 earlier measures in this district’s history are not shown.
From the state’s own election file. Latest election on record: 2026-08-04.
What this state publishes: Bonds, capital levies and enrichment levies, as OSPI reports them. Washington bonds need 60% yes and a validation turnout; levies on the same ballot need 50%.
WA published no results for 2022 and 2023, so a measure put to voters in those years would not appear here. That is a gap in the state’s own publishing.
Norfolk City Public Schools
We hold every school funding measure the state of VA published for 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024 and 2025, and this district appears in none of them.
What this state publishes: Bond and capital questions put to voters by Virginia counties and cities for their school divisions, back to the earliest the Department of Elections has published. Virginia school divisions cannot tax or borrow, so every question here was asked by the locality and is matched to the division drawn on the same lines. No dollar amount is shown: the source gives a short label rather than the ballot text, and truncates it mid-number often enough that any figure taken from it could be wrong. No pass or fail is shown either — the only outcome column the source publishes is decided per precinct, and in Henrico County in 2013 most precincts voted no while the county voted yes.
- A vote share is not an outcome. What it takes to carry varies by state and by measure — in some states a bond needs a supermajority and a minimum turnout while a levy on the same ballot needs half, so a clear majority can still lose. Every outcome shown here is copied from the state’s own election file, and the rule that applied is stated with the coverage above. Where that file stated no outcome we show whatever count it published and no verdict, rather than working one out from the percentage — and some states publish the ballot question without ever recording a count, so a blank there is a number nobody printed.
- These are the measures a district put to its voters, not its whole tax bill. A property tax bill also carries county, city and state levies that have nothing to do with schools, and in most states a school board can issue some kinds of debt with no vote at all.
What this band does not answer yet
The detailed figures for Pasco School District and Norfolk City Public Schools
The verdict, the headline dollar, the funding shares, who is served and every comparability caveat are free above, and stay free. What is behind the lock is the detail you would want before acting on any of it:
- capital spending per student
- total revenue and total current spending, and the funding mix in dollars (the percentage shares stay free)
- the ten-line per-student breakdown of where the money goes
- counselor and administrator ratios, and the total salary bill
- the debt behind the risk flags — per student, and as a share of spending
- the full ballot history: 4 more bonds and levies, with the amounts
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Compare something else
Pasco School District on its own · Norfolk City Public Schools on its own